The trouble with AI

[eller]

AAARGH. I just wanted chatgpt's help to structure a text. You know - what should be in the introduction, how long should each part be for easy reading, and so on. Unsurprisingly, I'm shit at this stuff, but usually, the AI is of great help - at least when it comes to nonfiction with clear structural requirements. (Letting the AI write texts is, of course, hopeless, so I won't even try. Letting the AI organize text structures before I just write stream-of-consciousness stuff, however? I mean, that could save me some headaches.) Trying to let it organize fiction, however? Wow. WOW. Today, I learned that chatgpt is really Very Fucking American.

Things I learned:
- The AI will not just try to reorganize the plot around an acceptable novella structure (which, after all, is what I asked it to do) but flag any character behavior for editing that does not conform to American cultural standards.
- The AI told me that my characters are too obsessed with honor and duty and I should consider editing that. I'm like... WAIT... I'm actually writing a Fantasy!Medieval!North!Germany setting. With Fantasy!Medieval!North!German characters with according cultural background and mindset. (Come on. It's fucking Germany. At least some of the characters take their oaths seriously...) Apparently, Germany written by a German is not acceptable by genre standards...
- The AI completely unasked (!) changed a scene description from a male character making tea for the group to a female character making the tea. Thanks for the casual sexism, I guess.
- The AI described a female character as "flirtatious". She's... not. She is, however, speaking to male characters. In, you know, plot-related ways. Apparently, that's yet another thing the AI can't handle. (Not a problem with the technology itself, I know, but definitely with the training dataset. WTF.)
- The AI completely unasked (!) tried to give a genderfluid character an issuefic subplot centered around Gender!Angst!American!Style. I mean, I onbviously don't expect an American piece of software to understand historical German ways of gender expression... which is why I didn't ask it to. This character has a perfectly acceptable subplot centered around military technology and espionage, and.no gender issues whatsoever, thanks.
- The AI really wants to change the magic system (which is, of course, North German as fuck, considering the setting) to something ripped off Tolkien.
- The AI is shit at interpreting character motivations in ways that are actually pretty hilarious.

Thanks for the non-help. -_-

Comments

[sabotabby]

Conceptual doesn't matter when it destroys the environment, livelihoods, makes people think and reason less well, creates disinformation, and produces nothing of value. I've yet to see a single use case in the creative fields.

I don't think structure in writing is a rote task the way calculations or weaving could be (though I think it's very important to learn how to calculate—my evidence is that my students can't do any sort of advanced math or mathematical reasoning because people decided that rote learning is bad). A better comparison, since you're also an artist, is "why should I learn how to do composition when the fun part is applying colour and details to a piece?" The answer is that structure, concept, and prose are inherently intertwined—form follows function. Structure in writing is an important part of writing, and if you suck at it (which I also do, and most people do, until they git gud), the way to improve is not to hope that a plagiarism machine can do it for you, but to learn how to do it so that you can take the kind of creative rule-breaking that makes writing actually interesting to read.

[eller]

"makes people think and reason less well"

Actually, I'd like to wait a bit with that judgment - because this is something that has been said about pretty much any new technology in the creative fields, including but not limited to nasty stuff like the printing press (!) that destroyed all the valuable skills that come from copying manuscripts by hand, which - of course - totally undermines memory and scholarship. (See, for example, Johannes Tritemius, De Laude Scriptorum Manualium, 1492) And, as far as I can tell, in the long run, neither the invention of the printing press nor later inventions have made humanity in general more stupid. So, as far as these claims go... I'm treating them with a healthy dose of skepticism, though I won't deny that new technology will likely change the way people think and reason. (The printing press definitely changed the very concept of academia.)

"I've yet to see a single use case in the creative fields."

Just an example, here... I've seen a lot of it in fashion design, actually - when it comes to questions like "how will this color look like in different lightings", it saves the designer the (suuuper shitty!) rote work of sewing the same dress in twenty near-identical colors and carrying those piles of dresses around to test them in different situations. Saving that step makes things infinitely more efficient - without hurting the actual creative and artistic work of the designer. I don't think it makes the designer a worse artist. (Also, they still need to learn to sew, and will spend a lot of time doing so, obviously. It's just that they get to sew twenty different projects instead of the same thing twenty times. Arguably, the variety actually increases their learning and will improve their skills, not diminish them...)

While we're talking about environmental resources: I believe the cost of AI use is still lower than, uh, twenty dresses that no one needs... These fabrics and dyes don't just appear from out of nowhere, either.

And I'm sure there are other examples that I have just not seen - probably also because things that go well (like streamlined design processes) don't generate nearly as much public attention as things that go wrong (like plagiarized school essays and uncanny awful "artwork").

"I don't think structure in writing is a rote task"

I think it depends on the situation and on what you are trying to do. At the high, artistic level, I agree - it is not a rote task at all.

"A better comparison, since you're also an artist, is "why should I learn how to do composition when the fun part is applying colour and details to a piece?" The answer is that structure, concept, and prose are inherently intertwined—form follows function."

I see what you mean! For someone who wants to be an artist, there's no shortcut around these things. However... Not everyone wants to be an artist - which is why there's also a huge market for coloring books, painting-by-numbers, and other stuff like that. And... I don't buy it, but I have no problem with the existence of painting-by-numbers, either. If a person's goal is not "creating art", but simply spend a relaxed evening having fun with colors, I think that's a perfectly legitimate purpose. It won't make that person an artist, but, as far as I'm concerned... whatever.

"but to learn how to do it so that you can take the kind of creative rule-breaking that makes writing actually interesting to read"

Absolutely crucial when you want to be a writer. Again, I totally agree! However, if the task is not "produce a wonderful novel that everyone will enjoy and feel deeply moved by", but simply "take this dump of assorted, chaotic research notes and sort them into something that others can read and understand, so I won't have to waste my valuable research time doing this annoying shit when I'm behind schedule already", or "read these 40000 badly written, redundant pages and summarize the author's key topics in five sentences so I can see whether I actually need to read their work or not, and I won't waste weeks just to find out it has nothing to do with my research topic", or "translate this paper for me so I won't have to learn Russian* just to find out what this author is saying"... I think that's where generative AI could really shine. If it were trained and used properly, anyway.

*By the way, I don't want to diminish the value of learning Russian (or other languages), either. I'm just saying it's not efficient to learn a complete new language every time you simply need fast access to a foreign publication. And that someone who tries that approach will maybe become a better scholar in the progress (actually... sure, they will), but also, never get anything done within a reasonable timeframe.

long-winded agreement

[yhlee]

this is something that has been said about pretty much any new technology in the creative fields, including but not limited to nasty stuff like the printing press (!) that destroyed all the valuable skills that come from copying manuscripts by hand

Why stop there, Eller. :) We could implicate the invention of writing (any writing system) as making people stupider. I was talking with Marie Brennan (an anthropologist) about writing techniques that descend from oral tradition as (probably) mnemonic aids (parallel structure in poetry, rhyme/meter, alliteration, assonance, kennings, whatever), memory palace techniques/method of loci.

As someone who peer-tutored Ivy League students writing academic essays during uni from 1998-2001, I have to say that stupidity/ineptness/inexperience at structuring even comparatively simple academic essays, let alone novels, cannot be localized to the advent of AI. The ways in which people struggle with this may be more exposed or differently exposed but again, teaching this as a cognitive skill is a surprisingly sticky problem. :]

For that matter, we could implicate written music notation vs. musicianship. Most serious classical (Western) musicians do have pretty serious ear training but it's also possible to be some kind of musician who's dependent on music notation rather than being able to play things by ear.

Re: long-winded agreement

[eller]

"We could implicate the invention of writing (any writing system) as making people stupider."

Well, yes. And, in some ways, it does. I think Walter Ong started the academic debate about that topic... but also, having some illiterate family members, I can even personally confirm that, for example, the memory skills and spatial awareness skills of people who learned how to read are consistently much worse. Does that mean we should abort the idea of the written word? Uh. XDD

Re: long-winded agreement

[yhlee]

Google Maps and/or auto-navigation has definitely made people in my life shit at reading physical maps. I'm shit at maps and I'm still better at it (because I had to navigate for Joe and me on paper maps) than my daughter.

[sabotabby]

I would be surprised re: the colour stuff, because the art version of the plagiarism machine sucks at colours. As with writing, it does a good job of producing slop that superficially looks good, but every time I've seen one of these renderings, the colour and lighting is chaotic. If your goal is mass-produced Shein crap I guess it's useful for advertising, but an actual fashion designer has training and understanding of light and colour and isn't sewing 20 identical dresses.

There are actually valid points about the printing press—but more importantly, about new technologies that have been around longer than ChatGPT. Algorithmic social media has also made us think less well. The academic fraud that is Joseph Campbell and its evolution into the Pixar formula has made film and to a lesser extent commercial genre fiction less interesting. Etc. I know enough about how the technology works to confidently assert that it will not improve the arts or teach anyone how to be a better writer.

I don't understand, fundamentally, the desire to shortcut all the fun stuff in creative fields. To take a field I suck at, I would not see the point in using ChatGPT to make music. I have no musical talent myself, but all the joy of making music would theoretically be figuring out the making of music, not just getting a machine to spit out something that vaguely sounds like the thing in my head. Even as a hobbyist, it's just a fundamentally different thing that skates by the point of the thing itself.

[yhlee]

Okay, but I also know enough about how the technology works and I am also a writer and I have also taught writing, if we're now arguing from authority, so I'd like to raise your "I can confidently assert": I can also assert that for some people, this is a useful tool. Genuinely, who are you to decide where the locus of "fun stuff" or creativity is for people who aren't you (or your students)? How would you then categorize aleatoric or algorithmic music created/designed/coded in a tool like Csound or Cockos Reaper? Or a drag-and-drop video-game-making tool?

If the bar is "it will not...teach anyone how to be a better writer," there are a kazillion hand-created-by-actual-human-writers tools/books/whatever that fail that bar too; so do we then get rid of those because they are a pox upon the house of human creativity?

(Ironically, I don't use ChatGPT because I got bored decades ago after two days with Eliza and extensive reading on Minsky, Schank, et al. I don't have an ethical problem with "vegan" or legally licensed AI tools.)

The homogenization of commercial narrative is a multi-pronged mess so I'm not going to touch that as there is not enough space in the margin.

[sabotabby]

I don't know enough about music production or gaming to say. In terms of the how-to-write books, the difference I see is that when one fails, it's critiqued as a failure. If it's useful, people buy it, read it, and use it; if it's useless, they mostly don't. This is a strangely capitalistic argument for me, I know, but even the worst how-to can at least generate discussion. Even the worst book wastes no more trees than a useful book, and hasn't profited by intellectual property theft. It's not forced on anyone, nor do billionaires pump money and resources into making it more influential or widely adopted than it would be on its own merits.

In terms of who I am, eh, I'm someone who can now directly trace how my work was stolen without compensation or consent to make someone rich. So I do have a moral objection as well as an aesthetic one. People can have fun making TTRPG characters with picrew.me if they aren't interested in learning to draw.

And I've seen what students do with these tools. Even when it was "only" Grammarly, the willingness to cede authorial control to software made their work superficially more polished but resulted in sloppier writing and thinking.

This is just in art and writing. My partner teaches science, and recently had to contend with students insisting that HPV isn't a virus, because the AI told them that it wasn't. Even when he explained what it was and how it worked, they refused to believe him. This makes them less likely to get a lifesaving vaccine and more likely to die because they can't differentiate between machine hallucination and actual information. It's not just me and my ego and judgment, it's about how we learn—or don't—to think at a critical and structural level.

[yhlee]

But again, people have been stupid since time immemorial. If the argument is "AI makes it easier in scale for people to cheat or be stupid," that's one argument; if t he argument is "AI causes people to cheat or be stupid," that is a different argument. Which assertion is the one you are making?

We have people believing things based on shitty snake oil advertisements - if you look at the history of medical advertising, you have people buying snake oil magnetized treatments for XYZ long before modern computers are around. Chad Orzel, who's a physics professor at Union College, talks about how he was bemused by the sudden hand-writing hand-wringing [edit: fixed Freudian typo lol] from humanities colleagues around essay writing cheating because it's so much easier to cheat in a typical math/science exam, this is a Very Old (Sometimes Boring) Problem. People having to distinguish shitty information from good information in general is an Old Hard Problem. The prevalence of machine hallucination exposes that problem in deeply troubling ways, but it's not a new problem. I mean, Herodotus ffs.

If we're looking at compensation schemes vs. IP theft, sure we can look at how tons of works (I think something like ~80 of my works turned up in that Atlantic database of stolen written works) are stolen without permission and used for profit; but this then ties into how the entire compensation system for creative narrative work has been in hell mode for a long time. No one ever adequately squared the circle regarding DRM vs. ebook pricing vs. ebook piracy. If we're at generalized compensation for narrative/creative work, capitalism has a ton of specific problems in this space, but also at the point where the Nibelungenlied has a whole fucking shout-out to PLEASE PAY UR LOCAL MINSTREL KTHX, the general problem of compensation predates capitalism by centuries.

[sabotabby]

I guess both?? Definitely scale—as you say, these are old, old problems. And grifting isn't new, of course, so the grift of "believe this software and not a professional" isn't unique to AI.

But I do believe in affordances, and there are certain tendencies that the technology does encourage, in the same way that affordances in, say, algorithmic social media will lend themselves to bad political thinking over good political thinking. And that's where the latter assertion, that AI causes sloppy thinking rather than allowing the people who would be sloppy thinkers in any event to get away with it, is also something that I believe to be true.

I will say there's substantially more wiggle room in the latter argument. I've been researching the moral panic around cellphones and social media (curiously, in education, this is considered a much larger problem than ChatGPT), and I think the kids who are addicted to social media and phones would probably, in earlier ages, done other things to avoid learning. But having access to social media and phones is also more distracting to me, an adult who didn't own a phone until I was 30. So while I do think there's a moral panic, I also do think that designing apps that work like slot machines to exploit loopholes in human cognition probably results in behaviours that wouldn't otherwise happen.

Likewise, I have a rough idea of the curve of students who are good at writing and interested in learning versus the ones for whom it's pure hell and who will look for any reason to avoid it. If it were purely a matter of "AI makes it easier for people to cheat and be stupid," you'd think that the latter group would be the ones doing it the most. But it's actually the middle to high achievers, who normally might struggle through a difficult task, who are giving up and resorting to ChatGPT. That can't be divorced from other material conditions—namely, grade inflation and economic instability—but I am seeing the students who might otherwise learn often doing far worse because of the affordances of the technology. Some of the richer ones would have traditionally bought term papers, but most wouldn't have had that option, so now there's a whole cohort of kids who are weaker thinkers than they might otherwise be.

[yhlee]

This is a much more interesting/stronger argument and I agree with large portions of it. That said, I think we're really now in the absolutely fucked (and out of my scope of knowledge) realm of economic incentives around the entire consumer tech industry and/or capitalism and/or economic instability for average citizens and kids. We're deffo long past the point of "we keep introducing tools (technological or cultural or otherwise) without having any idea, in an era of accelerating change, what the long-term cascading consequences are." Ironically at that point I tap out because I don't understand enough about global economics to even frame the question, and as someone with a background in activism, you're much better equipped to analyze that side of the problem. Sadly, my readings have been pretty narrowly focused on (bluntly) "how can I make things go KABOOM! in entertaining ways in a shitty commercial novel?"

One could make the meta-argument that kids are getting smarter at weaseling out of requirements, for good or ill. :wry: A South Asian physicist I know recounted the gatekeeping ~high school final exam that was basically necessary to pass in order to have ANY kind of future in their country. There was a girl who was a very weak student, just needed to check the box for this exam and get on with her life. This physicist (well, before they became a physicist) - the teacher took them aside and said, "I'm putting her behind you because otherwise she's going to fail." The girl copied the physicist's answers and came in 3rd in the class, which no one believed; but she was able to go on and live her life. Physicist's note: "She did have one excellent academic skill. SHE COULD COPY LIKE THE WIND." Obviously I wasn't there and I haven't been to this country for that matter, but in broad strokes I could well believe that what we have is someone end-running around a fucked SYSTEM so she could (with the aid and abetment of people also forced through the system) move on with her life.

[eller]

"the art version of the plagiarism machine sucks at colours"

Uh, no, the professional versions run on good hardware are actually extremely good at it... O_O

"an actual fashion designer has training and understanding of light and colour and isn't sewing 20 identical dresses"

Having some close friends who are fashion designers, I'd say, an actual fashion designer has training and understanding of light and colour and is still willing to sew 20 identical dresses to get things just right. ;) Admittedly, this may not apply to Shein products, but... Sewing model versions is, to a fashion designer, the same thing that making sketches is to a painter.

You would also not say, "an actual painter has training and understanding of composition and color and won't make 20 sketches". Or, say, "an actual writer has training and understanding of language and plot and won't make 20 drafts of a novel". That's... kind of absurd. Trained people still do these things. Some more, some less, but still. Painting a picture that's just right without any discarded attempts is just as unlikely as writing a novel whose first draft is perfect without any editing: some people may be able too pull that off, but, um, almost no one does.

The problem specific to fashion design is that their "sketches" take up so much time and material (which is expensive and can really ruin fashion design students financially, while a failed sketch that almost but not quite works costs a painter only a sheet of paper) that anything that streamlines the process needs to be used.

"I don't understand, fundamentally, the desire to shortcut all the fun stuff in creative fields."

I don't really understand it, either - which is why I went to the effort to learn how to paint the hard way - but I'm acutely aware that not everybody wants to do the same. (Actually, from a rational point of view, investing all that work into something that doesn't pay is pretty stupid.) At some point, it also becomes a matter of privilege and accessibility: how many people can afford to spend years and years of their life learning a field from the ground up "just for fun"? I mean, it's great when they do - but also, there are people who just want to have a colorful painting in their living room to make it look a bit nicer and can neither afford the money to pay a professional artist nor the time to really learn stuff from zero. I won't judge.

[yhlee]

Yes: there's deffo an accessibility angle here. I know at least one legally blind person who uses AI tools to parse images and/or to generate alt text for images because it would be cost-prohibitive to hire a human to do that for them.

ETA: Actually, physical disability generally I'd consider a likely ethical use case. There was a point in time I could not draw a straight line or paint very well because I had a significant hand tremor caused by a medication side effect. As a microcosm of this, a lot of digital painting programs have a "stroke stabilization" setting as an aid for people with weaker hand-eye. I don't think this is a bad thing generally: yes, an artist who wants to do traditional media will work on that skill (or route around it), but for people who have physical limits around hand-eye, I don't have a problem with this myself.

[castiron]

That's one of the concerns that's been raised about the use of AI in processing medical imaging. The folks promoting AI say "The AI can go through all the images and diagnose all the easy and obvious stuff, and then the experienced human can look at the edge cases! It'll save the humans so much time and effort!" Except...the experienced human got that way by looking at hundreds or thousands of images and learning to tell unusal-but-healthy tissue from infected or cancerous tissue. If the AI takes that over, how is the brand new technician going to develop that skill?

[yhlee]

Yes: this is one of the really good cautionary arguments regarding AI use. I've seen Django Wexler (who used to work in software engineering) discuss this issue with regard to AI coding assistants too - the experienced engineers know how to winnow the chaff out of the AI output, but they got there by doing the work themselves.

[yhlee]

I've yet to see a single use case in the creative fields.

Patrick J. Jones says that for whatever reason, the visual AI generators are genius at color schemes.

ETA: Perhaps you wouldn't define this as a "creative field," but in professional Go/baduk/wei qi, the defeat of Lee Sedol by AlphaGo was hailed in that community BECAUSE AlphaGo made wild-ass moves that looked completely bonkers to the professional human players. There was a lot of excitement because literally the AI was making bonkers-to-humans moves that worked and this was hugely energizing for the potential to improve human play and understanding of Go strategy: Many top Go players characterized AlphaGo's unorthodox plays as seemingly-questionable moves that initially befuddled onlookers but made sense in hindsight:[72] "All but the very best Go players craft their style by imitating top players. AlphaGo seems to have totally original moves it creates itself."[68]

I have to agree with Eller that there are a lot of people whose interest is not being artists themselves in XYZ given field but "just" playing with output in a given discipline. Even someone who is, say, a professional weaver may not actually want to go all-in on learning to draw manga-style art for tinkering with TTRPG character portraits. One might look in music at precedents like 19th century Musikalisches Würfelspiel music generators; in literature, this really looks like it's not qualitatively different, only different in scale/extent, from some of the Oulipo experiments/works.

my evidence is that my students can't do any sort of advanced math or mathematical reasoning because people decided that rote learning is bad

Counterpoint: I remember the entire "students shouldn't have calculators because it'll make them bad at math." But computational methods are hugely important in e.g. numerical methods in calculus or computer programming. I'm not materially convinced that having to statistically crack Vigenere ciphers by hand (not even a four-function calculator) improved my understanding of the number theory involved. Hell, while we're at it, studies strongly suggest abacus use doesn't materially improve conceptual math understanding and often "manipulatives" can lead to rote muscle-memory manipulation without improving understanding of the underlying mathematical systems. I think this is a much stickier problem generally than "AI is bad" can explain.

Regarding "rote learning is bad" - again, this is a much stickier problem in math pedagogy. You can include rote learning as a prerequisite for many kinds of foundational math; it can be necessary but one can still have people who can handle the rote learning and flunk out of conceptual understanding, see Liping Ma's Knowing and Teaching Elementary Mathematics for an absolutely devastating critique of US elementary mathematics teaching in this regard (with comparisons to similar practices in China where the teachers have less formal education but use teaching methods that tend to produce better math understanding conceptually, starting with basics like "well, what IS place value and why do we care?"

[sabotabby]

I'm not good enough at math myself to weigh in—I just know that the discovery method or vibes-based math education they're using here has resulted in students who are increasingly unable to think mathematically or understand statistics. Not that I was any good at it, or the rote memorization stuff, but they are worse than I am. To the point where they can't see a problem, figure out what they'd have to do to find an answer, and use the calculator in their phones to calculate it. The second there's a number, they turn their brains off.

I don't get TTRPG or other hobby use of GenAI either, to be honest. For me, part of the joy in that is community and connection, it's one of the few things in life that remains free, and no one cares if you're good at it or not. My GM is always using AI stuff and it drags me immediately out of immersion because the style is so generic and hateful and I can't help but think of the environmental cost.

[yhlee]

As someone with an M.A. in math pedagogy (if that even matters anymore), I think it's likelier that they would have been shit at it in a traditional rote memorization context but the failure modes would have been different and would have presented differently. Every generation in the US (speaking from the context I know) has had some random-ass math reform that attempts to be the magic fix ("New Math" - I still think Venn diagrams should be near-mandatory although most civilians are not going to need an axiomatic system introduction to associativity; CPM; Cuisinart rods and manipulables; Soroban and abacus; graphing calculators). The truth is that there isn't a generalized magic fix to "make people learn to think mathematically." The failure modes keep changing and the magnitude of the failure modes change as well. But fundamentally, the problem (in the US) is that engaging people in genuine mathematical problem solving is pedagogically non-trivial and does not lend itself well (if at all) to the kinds of multiple-choice assessments that have taken over in the educational system here.

Sure, e.g. South Korea has consistently had much better results in math education. But South Korea also has elementary schoolers signed up for hagwon / night school classes and sometimes doing up to 16 hours of study a day stressed out of their everloving minds because of the examination system. I don't know that I consider that an educational win either.

I don't get TTRPG or other hobby use of GenAI either, to be honest. For me, part of the joy in that is community and connection, it's one of the few things in life that remains free, and no one cares if you're good at it or not.

GMing is a lot of work; AI-generated dungeon text is different in scale but not in kind from the GM rolling off ten different dungeon random encounter tables. If I had worked as 60-hour week and was tired and we only had three hours for a session, I'd be looking for shortcuts too.

Or people who don't have a gaming group for whatever reason. Solo journaling RPGs do exist and some are terrific but again, we're now looking at a difference in scale rather than kind.

[sabotabby]

It's complicated, and I have dyscalculia and probably never would have been good at math. But at least I learned enough, back in the day when rote learning was mixed with problem solving, that I can kind of figure out what the problem is. I think there's some middle ground between whatever the US is doing, what Canada's doing, and what South Korea is doing.

Weirdly, the GM isn't using AI-generated text. It's just images, which are completely unnecessary and just for flavour. He's got two artists in the group. But also, I just don't regard any of these expressions—art, writing, gaming—as needs, so when I weigh it against the ethical horrors of AI, I just kinda go, "well, no one made you do it."

[yhlee]

I would argue from a design standpoint that 70% of any game is "game feel" or "flavo(u)r," but that's a separate argument. (Edit: "70%" is a shitty made-up statistic.)

It's not that I don't think there aren't ethical considerations around AI (licensing, resource use, monetization and interaction with venture capitalism and commodity tech). It's that I find a number of the arguments in this space are (as detailed in other comments here) frustratingly ill-formed, alongside the ones that worry me (generalized fucked human attention spans caused by, as you say, affordances; "where do people get entry-level experience to get to higher levels of experience if no one does entry-level anymore?" raised by castiron) weighed e.g. against AI as accessibility aid. I know of someone who uses AI aids for writing as a government-permitted accommodation for weapons-grade dyslexia (not in the US or Canada).